Stakeholder Collaboration in Sustainable Marine Tourism Development at Pulau Merah Beach, Indonesia: A Literature Review
This systematic literature review examines stakeholder collaboration in sustainable marine tourism development at Pulau Merah Beach, Banyuwangi, by identifying structural barriers to effective collaborative governance and proposing an integrated management model to ensure long-term socio-ecological sustainability. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework, this study synthesizes peer-reviewed literature published over the past decade (2014–2025). The data were synthesized through the theoretical lenses of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Collaborative Governance Theory. The main findings reveal that Pulau Merah's current governance architecture is inherently multijurisdictional and highly fragmented into a complex, six-tier institutional hierarchy. This fragmentation creates overlapping authority among key entities such as DISBUDPAR, BAPPEDA, and Perhutani, exacerbated by a critical deficit of micro-level Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Consequently, this administrative friction inadvertently prioritizes mass tourism volume over necessary ecological carrying capacity limits. Furthermore, while strong facilitative executive leadership successfully accelerated initial tourism development, it has fostered a delegative democracy that weakens legislative checks and balances, thereby posing systemic risks to long-term institutional continuity. In conclusion, addressing these structural vulnerabilities requires a fundamental institutional reconfiguration. The study concludes that policymakers must establish an Integrated Destination Management Organization (DMO) to consolidate administrative mandates and eliminate jurisdictional overlaps. This must be accompanied by enforceable SOPs with strict ecological limits and a cross-sectoral trust fund mechanism to sustainably finance grassroots conservation efforts driven by local communities.
Keywords: Collaborative Governance; Marine Tourism; Destination Management Organization; Carrying Capacity.
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