Measuring Students' Emotional Health Levels Based on Peter Scazzero's Theory: A Study in Indonesia



Metrics Analysis (Dimensions & PlumX)

Indexing:
Similarity:

© 2026 Sri Mulyani, Antonius Missa, Tatag Mulyadi, Jessie Amos

Peter Scazzero, in Emotionally Healthy Spirituality, argues that spiritual maturity can only be achieved through emotional maturity. Consequently, higher education institutions, particularly Christian Religious Education programs, are expected to produce graduates who possess emotional maturity. This study aimed to: (1) Measure students’ emotional health levels; (2) examine the influence of gender, age, and level of study on students’ emotional health; and (3) determine whether studying at Moriah Theological College contributes to improvements in students’ emotional health. This study employed a quantitative research method. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire administered to active students enrolled in the Christian Religious Education Study Program at Moriah during the 2023–2024 academic year. Instrument validity was tested using Pearson product–moment correlation, while reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha. The Shapiro–Wilk test indicated that the data were not normally distributed; therefore, non-parametric statistical tests were employed for data analysis. The findings showed that students’ emotional maturity had a mean score of 3.42, categorized as “Adolescent”. Descriptively, gender and length of study demonstrated a positive influence on students’ emotional health, although the effects were not statistically significant, whilst age showed no influence. Furthermore, students' emotional health improved during their studies; however, the increase was also not statistically significant. This study concludes that the learning process at Moriah Theological College has contributed positively to students’ emotional health. However, the improvement has not yet reached statistical significance, as students remain within the “Adolescent” category. Therefore, all stakeholders must collaborate to encourage students to attain genuine emotional maturity, preparing them to progress toward spiritual maturity and fulfill their roles as professional educators.

 

Keywords: Moriah Theological College, Emotional health, Spiritual health, Peter Scazzero.

Abu-Raiya, H., Ayten, A., Ferhan, H. (2026). Religiousness–happiness links in Türkiye and Jordan: the role of gratitude and envy. BMC Psychol, 14: 989. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-04895-7

Aridhona J. (2017). Hubungan antara Kecerdasan Spiritual dan Kematangan Emosi dengan Penyesuaian Diri Remaja [The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Emotional Maturity with Adolescent Self-Adjustment], Institusi: Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah 9(3): 224-230 https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/INTUISI/article/view/14113

Aziz Z.A., et al. (2021). Gambaran Kesehatan Mental Mahasiswa di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 [Overview of College Students' Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic]. Jurnal Dunia Kesmas 10(1): 130-135 https://ejurnalmalahayati.ac.id/index.php/duniakesmas/article/view/3256/pdf

Bangquiao S.G.M. (2025). Factors influencing students’ well-being: A comparative study of mental health, social-emotional learning, and educational contexts. PANTAO The International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 4(3): 4210–4219. http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS0403390

Cagurangan Jr., M. (2025). John Paul II and Jean Vanier’s Theological View on Mental Health: Toward a Psycho-Spiritual Well-being Framework for College Students. Philippine Association for the Sociology of Religion Journal 5(1): 101–123. https://doi.org/10.63931/xrkrsf62

Cardak, M. (April 2013). The Relationship between Forgiveness and Humanity: A Case Study for University Students. Academic Journals, 8(8), 425–430. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2012.1071

Cherniak, A.D., Shmulewitz, D., Levitin, M.D. et al. (2026). Association of Religiosity, Meaning in Life, and Social Media Use with Common Mental Health Disorders. Int J Ment Health Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-026-01699-z

Barth, F.D. (May 4, 2018). Keeping a Journal Can Be Good for Your Emotional Health. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-couch/201805/keeping-journal-can-be-good-your-emotional-health

Fellasari F., Lestari Y.I. (2016). Hubungan antara Pola Asuk Orang Tua dengan Kematangan Emosi Remaja [The Relationship between Parenting Styles and Adolescent Emotional Maturity], Jurnal Psikologi 12(2): 84–90. https://ejournal.uin-suska.ac.id/index.php/psikologi/article/view/3234

Gonçalves, J.P.B., Lucchetti, G., Menezes, P.R., Vallada, H. (2015). Religious and spiritual interventions in mental health care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Psychological Medicine 45(14): 2937–2949. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001166

Gerhardt, K., Bauwens, R., Woerkom, M.V. (2025). Emotional Intelligence and Leader Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review and Roadmap for Future Inquiry. Sagepub.com: Human Resource Development Review 25(1): 29–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/15344843251342

Hill, N. (2024). Personal Growth Series: Think and Grow Rich. https://www.sutd.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Personal-Growth-Series-Developing-Better-Self-Care.pdf

Keliat M S, & Imanudin I (2023). Korelasi Aktivitas Fisik dengan Kesehatan Mental pada Mahasiswa [Correlation of Physical Activity with Mental Health in College Students]. Jurnal Terapan Ilmu Keolahragaan 8(2): 6–9. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/JTIKOR/article/view/81956/30642

Krause, N., Pargament, K.I. (2018). Reading the Bible, Stressful Life Events, and Hope: Assessing an Overlooked Coping Resource. J Relig Health 57: 1428–1439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0610-6

Lalumba H (2024). Peran Konseling Pastoral dalam Mendukung Kesehatan Mental Remaja Umur 10-18 Tahun [The Role of Pastoral Counseling in Supporting the Mental Health of Adolescents Aged 10-18 Years]. Coram Mundo: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 6(1): 127–132. https://doi.org/10.55606/corammundo.v6i1.289

Listiyandini, R. A., Karimulloh, K., & Kumalasari, D. (2021). Pengembangan Pengenalan Diri dan Karakter bagi Remaja melalui Program SADARI (Sadar dan Kenali Diri) [Developing Self-Awareness and Character for Teenagers through SADARI (Self-Awareness and Self-Knowledge)]. E-DIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 12(4): 634-639. https://doi.org/10.26877/e-dimas.v12i4.6350

McCloskey, M.W. (2014). Emotional Maturity. In: Learning Leadership in a Changing World. Palgrave Macmillan, New York: 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137476371_12

Missa, A. (2022). Teologi Misi Holistik: Suatu Diskusi Perspektif Alkitabiah [Holistic Mission Theology: A Discussion of Biblical Perspectives]. Indonesia Journal of Religious, 5(1): 17–34. https://doi.org/10.46362/ijr.v5i1.8

Mulyana, O. P., Izzati, U. A., Budiani, M. S., Dewi, N. W. S. P., Fatanzilu, I. F., & Anggraeni, D. W. (2020). Perbedaan regulasi emosi ditinjau dari jenis kelamin mahasiswa pada pandemi Covid-19 [Differences in emotional regulation viewed from the perspective of student gender during the Covid-19 pandemic]. PSISULA: Prosiding Berkala Psikologi, 2(11), 238–250.

Mulyani, S. (2023a). Emosi dan Kesehatan Emosional, Moriah Press.

Mulyani, S. (2023b). The Effect of Restoring Your Heart (RYH) Ministry, Finding Roots of Bitterness, and Emotional Management, on Heart Healing: A Quantitative Study in Indonesia. Pharos Journal of Theology, 104(3).

Nabilla, S., & Desmon, D. (2022). Pengaruh Lingkungan terhadap Perkembangan Anak [Environmental Influence on Child Development]. Jurnal Ilmiah: Zona Psikologi Universitas Batam 4(3): 66–73. https://ejurnal.univbatam.ac.id/index.php/zonapsikologi/article/view/995.

Nadhira D A (Oktober, 2022). Report Center for Reproductive Health University of Queensland, & Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Indonesia – National Adolescent Mental Health Survey (I-NAMHS). https://publichealth.jhu.edu/sites/default/files/2025-05/I-NAMHS-Report-English.pdf

Pandanari D. S. (28 Desember 2024). Nalar dan Manusia yang Unggul, Media Binus University. https://binus.ac.id/malang/2021/12/nalar-dan-manusia-yang-unggul/

Rudakova K, Lal S (2025). Mental health concerns and needs of international students in higher education settings: A scoping review protocol. PLOS ONE 20(8)

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327812

Saad, M., Daher Jr., J. C., & de Medeiros, R. (2019). Spirituality, religiousness and physical health: Scientific evidence. Spirituality, religiousness and health: From research to clinical practice, 87–100.

Sari M K, & Sumiatin E.A. (2023). Deteksi Dini Kesehatan Mental Emosional pada Mahasiswa [Early Detection of Emotional Mental Health in College Students], Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Yarsi Mataram 13(1): 10-17 https://journal.stikesyarsimataram.ac.id/index.php/jik/article/view/226

Scazzero P. (2017). Emotionally Healthy Spirituality: It’s Imposible to Be Spiritually Mature, While Remaining Emotional Immature. Zondervan

Shek, C. H. M., Chan, S. W. C., Stubbs, M. A., & Lee, R. L. T. (2024). Promoting international students’ mental health unmet needs: An integrative review. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 26(11), 905–924.

Siregar C. (2012). Menyembuhkan Luka Batin dengan Memaafkan [Healing Inner Wounds by Forgiving]. Humaniora 3(2): 581-592 https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/166841-ID menyembuhkan-luka-batin-dengan-memaafkan.pdf

Sudaryono (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Mix Method. Edisi Kedua, PT Raja Grafindo Persada

Sugiono (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. ALFABETA.

Sukesi, T. W., Sulistyawati, S., Khair, U., Mulasari, S. A., Tentama, F., Ghazali, F. A., ... & Sudarsono, B. (2023). Hubungan antara Kesehatan Lingkungan dengan Gangguan Emosional [The Relationship between Environmental Health and Emotional Disorders]. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 22(2), 128–133.

Li, L.M.W, Lou X., Bond, M.H. (2022). Societal Emphasis on Religious Faith as a Cultural Context for Shaping the Social-Psychological Relationships Between Personal Religiosity and Well-Being. Sage Publications: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 53(3-4). https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221079875

Wahono, W., Imsiyah, N., & Setiawan, A. (2020). Andragogi: Paradigma pembelajaran orang dewasa pada era literasi digital [Andragogy: A paradigm for adult learning in the digital literacy era]. Proceeding Umsurabaya.

Widasuari D., & Laksmiwati H. (2018). Hubungan antara Kematangan Emosi dengan Forgiveness pada Mahasiswa Psikologi Universitas Negeri Surabaya [The Relationship between Emotional Maturity and Forgiveness in Psychology Students at Surabaya State University]. Character: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi 5(2): 1–6. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/character/article/view/24056

Workbook Understanding Emotion, Restoring Your Heart (RYH), Worldwide Discipleship Association. Participation Edition

Workbook Understanding People, Restoring Your Heart (RYH), Worldwide Discipleship Association. Pocket Principles.

Young J.E. (2020). Reinventing Your Life. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

KEDEWASAAN ROHANI MAHASISWA

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The copyright is reserved to Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture that is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Address:

CV. IMRECS: Jalan Gagak I, Kecamatan Larangan, Kota Tangerang. Postal Code: 15155