Development and Validation of an Indonesian Version of the College Students' Adaptation Scale: A Dimensionality Analysis
Abstract
Abstract: Adaptation is a crucial ability that enables individuals to cope with new and unfamiliar environments. For college students, the ability to adapt during their first year is key to achieving academic success and maintaining psychological well-being. This study aims to develop and validate an assessment instrument to measure the adaptation levels of college students. The research adopts a development methodology using the ADDIE model, which includes five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. A questionnaire was constructed based on Baker and Siryk’s theory, encompassing four dimensions of adaptation: academic adaptation, social adaptation, personal-emotional adaptation, and attachment to institutions. The questionnaire items were designed using a Likert scale and validated through expert review and field testing. The initial data were collected from 30 respondents for validity and reliability analysis. Results indicate that the instrument achieves a Cronbach's Alpha reliability score of 0.760, which is classified as high, confirming its consistency in measuring adaptation. However, only 10 out of 44 items met the validity criteria with Pearson correlation values greater than 0.3. These items reflect critical aspects of academic motivation, social participation, psychological adjustment, and institutional engagement. The findings demonstrate that the developed instrument is valid and reliable, making it feasible for evaluating the adaptation levels of college students. Future research should refine the instrument further through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with larger sample sizes to improve item precision and generalizability. This instrument holds potential for use by university counselors to identify adaptation challenges in students and develop targeted interventions.
Keywords: college student adaptation, instrument development, ADDIE model, student adjustment, validation study.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alarcon, G. M., & Edwards, J. M. (2013). Ability and motivation: Assessing individual factors that contribute to college student success. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(2), 564–575.
Anderson, T., Guan, Y., & Koc, Y. (2016). The role of social and emotional adjustment in the adaptation of international students. Journal of International Students, 6(4), 905–925.
Baker, R. W., & Siryk, B. (1984). Measuring adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(2), 179–189.
Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 149.
Chemers, M. M., Hu, L., & Garcia, B. F. (2001). Academic self-efficacy and first-year college student performance and adjustment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 55–64.
Credé, M., & Niehorster, S. (2012). Adjustment to college as measured by the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire: A quantitative review of its structure and relationships. Educational Psychology Review, 24(1), 133–165.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale development: Theory and applications (4th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
Dyson, R., & Renk, K. (2006). Freshmen adaptation to university life: Depressive symptoms, stress, and coping. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(10), 1231–1244.
Feldt, R. C., Graham, M. A., & Dew, D. (2011). Measuring adjustment to college: Construct validity of the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 44(2), 92–104.
Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). London: SAGE Publications.
Fischer, S. (2020). College transition: Understanding academic and emotional adjustment. Journal of College Student Development, 61(3), 293–307.
Kim, B. S., & Omizo, M. M. (2006). Asian cultural values, attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, and willingness to see a counselor. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(5), 570–586.
Nuha, M. S. (2023). Pengembangan media kartu ada bakad dalam meningkatkan adaptasi budaya akademik pada mahasiswa baru program studi bimbingan dan konseling Islam tahun akademik 2022/2023 (Digilib UINSA). Digilib UINSA. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30434.95684/1
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Parker, J. D., Summerfeldt, L. J., Hogan, M. J., & Majeski, S. A. (2004). Emotional intelligence and academic success: Examining the transition from high school to university. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(1), 163–172.
Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How college affects students: A third decade of research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Stallman, H. M. (2010). Psychological distress in university students: A comparison with general population data. Australian Psychologist, 45(4), 249–257.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55.
Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.61436/rietm/v3i1.pp40-51
Refbacks
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright is reserved to Research in Education, Technology, and Multiculture that is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Address:
STKIP Al Islam Tunas Bangsa: Jalan Z.A. Pagar Alam No. 41 Gedong Meneng Bandar Lampung
Institute of Multidisciplinary Research and Community Service: Jalan Airan Raya, Way Huwi, Lampung Selatan